Reflections over Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay Sample free essay sample

In the article. the writer introduces us avering that the anthropologist is familiar with so many different behaviours that it is difficult to believe he can be shocked by some alien civilization. However. he specifies subsequently that the piece is merely about how far worlds can make sing their demeanours and rites. Along the article. Miner describes the wonts – I might merely name them obsessional – of a group located in North America. which focuses their day-to-day rites peculiarly in the attention and cleansing of the human organic structure ( which. harmonizing to their political orientation. tends to disease and bonyness ) . From the 4th paragraph. the reader begins to surmise that the article is non enlightening. but a strong societal review alternatively – narrated as lampoon – about the ‘superficial. based-onappearance’ North American civilization. He builds metaphors. analogies and images founded on everything that involves hygienic rites of the American: from teeth brushing. to plastic surgery for decorative grounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections over Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is possible to do the relationship between the article and the first chapter based chiefly on the definition of frock. Harmonizing to the writers of the book. frock involves. in add-on to vesture and accoutrements. all those knowing alterations made to the human organic structure ; but it besides addresses civilization and its nonsubjective and subjective elements. Obviously. the ceremonials and cults that Miner describes throughout the reading are portion of the subjective elements – i. e. intangibles – of American civilization. In the first chapter of the book we are introduced to scientific theories about how dress affects and derives from interpersonal relationships. I might venture to state that American people – although non entirely – base their physical visual aspect criterions in symbolic interaction theory. Much of what we see in the mirror merely before go forthing our places is the wake of the responses and ratings received from 3rd parties. Furthermore. much of the sense of ego develops from societal interactions and. as a affair of fact. North America gives a great trade of importance to personal hygiene because it merely may be the most of import thing sing first feelings. In add-on to this. portion of cultural instruction focuses on the self-image we want to project to the audience. even though it is undeniable that this is merely a erudite behaviour. Although I am non American. I believe this societal review can use every bit good to the society in which I Cultural Positions of Dress Dr. Melinda K. Adams Marisol Garza Amparan Student ID. 937642 belong. Since I’ve ever lived in the northern portion of Mexico. while the cultural values differ. societal behaviour and much of the life style are similar to those in southern USA. I must squeal it was a spot unusual reading about psychopathology Sessionss. as I think it is a reasonably common pattern in our civilization. Even though the ordinary becomes normal in clip. seeing it from the point of position of the writer is slightly dismaying. It seems to me that his efforts are traveling directly to the fact that we neglect our mental wellness in such a manner. as we focus wholly in our wellness and physical visual aspect. that in our desperation the lone thing to make is go forth it to an expert. I think the construct that pervades the reading. and that practically forces the reader to reflect on his behaviour. is â€Å"dissatisfaction† . I don’t believe there’s anything incorrect with hygiene ; quite the contrary. as a affair of fact I consider it a really of import portion of our societal interactions ( but so once more. this is a erudite cultural impression ) . â€Å"It is difficult to understand how they have managed to be so long under the loads which they have imposed upon themselves† . provinces Miner in the penultimate paragraph. Indeed. I think to myself. I guess we’re now so used to this life style that we merely carry on with our lives. non taking even a minute to believe if this is true to ourselves or if it’s merely imposed by societal force per unit area. However. what Miner references about the ‘pervasive aversion’ we have towards our ain organic structures is a affair of deep contemplation. and possibly we should inquire ourselves whether this civilization of visual aspect makes us a better society.

Edwin V. Sumner - Civil War - Union - Major General

Edwin V. Sumner - Civil War - Union - Major General Edwin V. Sumner - Early Life Career: Born January 30, 1797 in Boston, MA, Edwin Vose Sumner was the son of Elisha and Nancy Sumner. Attending the West and Billercia Schools as a child, he received his later education at the Milford Academy. Pursuing a mercantile career, Sumner moved to Troy, NY as a young man. Quickly tiring of business, he successfully sought a commission in the US Army in 1819. Joining the 2nd US Infantry on March 3 with the rank of second lieutenant, Sumners commissioning was facilitated by his friend Samuel Appleton Storrow who was serving on the staff of Major General Jacob Brown. Three years after entering the service, Sumner married Hannah Foster. Promoted to first lieutenant on January 25, 1825, he remained in the infantry. Edwin V. Sumner - Mexican-American War: In 1832, Sumner took part in the Black Hawk War in Illinois. A year later, he received a promotion to captain and transferred to the 1st US Dragoons. Proving a skilled cavalry officer, Sumner moved to Carlisle Barracks in 1838 to serve as an instructor. Teaching at the cavalry school, he remained in Pennsylvania until taking an assignment at Fort Atkinson, IA in 1842. After serving as the posts commander through 1845, he was promoted to major on June 30, 1846 following the beginning of the Mexican-American War. Assigned to Major General Winfield Scotts army the following year, Sumner took part in the campaign against Mexico City. On April 17, he earned a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel for his performance at the Battle of Cerro Gordo. Struck in the head by a spent round during the fighting, Sumner gained the nickname Bull Head. That August, he oversaw American reserve forces during the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco before being brevetted to colonel for his actions during the Battle of Molino del Rey on September 8. Edwin V. Sumner - Antebellum Years: Promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 1st US Dragoons on July 23, 1848, Sumner remained with the regiment until being appointed military governor of the New Mexico Territory in 1851. In 1855, he received a promotion to colonel and command of the newly-formed US 1st Cavalry at Fort Leavenworth, KS. Operating in the Kansas Territory, Sumners regiment worked to maintain peace during the Bleeding Kansas crisis as well as campaigned against the Cheyenne. In 1858, he assumed command of the Department of the West with his headquarters at St. Louis, MO. With the beginning of the secession crisis following the election of 1860, Sumner advised president-elect Abraham Lincoln to remain armed at all times. In March, Scott directed him to escort Lincoln from Springfield, IL to Washington, DC. Edwin V. Sumner - The Civil War Begins: With the dismissal of Brigadier General David E. Twiggs for treason in early 1861, Sumners name was put forward by Lincoln for elevation to brigadier general. Approved, he was promoted on March 16 and directed to relieve Brigadier General Albert S. Johnston as commander of the Department of the Pacific. Departing for California, Sumner remained on the West Coast until November. As a result, he missed the early campaigns of the Civil War. Returning east, Sumner was selected to lead the newly-formed II Corps on March 13, 1862. Attached to Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac, II Corps began moving south in April to take part in the Peninsula Campaign. Advancing up the Peninsula, Sumner directed Union forces at the inconclusive Battle of Williamsburg on May 5. Though criticized for his performance by McClellan, he was promoted to major general. Edwin V. Sumner - On the Peninsula: As the Army of the Potomac neared Richmond, it was attacked at the Battle of Seven Pines by General Joseph E. Johnstons Confederate forces on May 31. Outnumbered, Johnston sought to isolate and destroy the Union III and IV Corps which were operating south of the Chickahominy River. Though the Confederate assault did not materialize as initially planned, Johnstons men put Union troops under heavy pressure and ultimately flanked the southern wing of IV Corps. Responding to the crisis, Sumner, on his own initiative, directed Brigadier General John Sedgwicks division across the rain-swollen river. Arriving, they proved critical in stabilizing the Union position and turning back subsequent Confederate attacks. For his efforts at Seven Pines, Sumner was brevetted to major general in the regular army. Though inconclusive, the battle saw Johnston wounded and replaced by General Robert E. Lee as well as McClellan halt his advance on Richmond. Having gained the strategic initiative and seeking to relieve pressure on Richmond, Lee attacked Union forces on June 26 at Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville). Beginning the Seven Days Battles, it proved a tactical Union victory. Confederate attacks continued the next day with Lee triumphing at Gaines Mill. Beginning a retreat toward the James River, McClellan complicated the situation by frequently being away from the army and not appointing a second-in-command to oversee operations in his absence. This was due to his low opinion of Sumner who, as senior corps commander, would have received the post. Attacked at Savages Station on June 29, Sumner fought a conservative battle, but succeeded in covering the retreat of the army. The following day, his corps played a role in the larger Battle of Glendale. In the course of the fighting, Sumner received a minor wound in the arm. Edwin V. Sumner - Final Campaigns: With the failure of the Peninsula Campaign, II Corps was ordered north to Alexandria, VA to support Major General John Popes Army of Virginia. Though nearby, the corps technically remained part of Army of the Potomac and McClellan controversially refused to allow it to advance to Popes aid during the Second Battle of Manassas in late August. In the wake of the Union defeat, McClellan took command in northern Virginia and soon moved to intercept Lees invasion of Maryland. Advancing west, Sumners command was held in reserve during the Battle of South Mountain on September 14. Three days later, he led II Corps onto the field during the Battle of Antietam. At 7:20 AM, Sumner received orders to take two divisions to the aid of I and XII Corps which had become engaged north of Sharpsburg. Selecting those of Sedgwick and Brigadier General William French, he elected to ride with the former. Advancing west towards the fighting, the two divisions became separated. Despite this, Sumner pushed forward with the goal of turning the Confederate right flank. Operating with the information on hand, he attacked into the West Woods but soon came under fire from three sides. Quickly shattered, Sedgwicks division was driven from the area. Later in the day, the remainder of Sumners corps mounted a series of bloody and unsuccessful assaults against Confederate positions along a sunken road to the south. In the weeks after Antietam, command of the army passed to Major General Ambrose Burnside who began reorganizing its structure. This saw Sumner elevated to lead the Right Grand Division which consisted of II Corps, IX Corps, and a division of cavalry led by Brigadier General Alfred Pleasonton. In this arrangement, Major General Darius N. Couch assumed command of II Corps. On December 13, Sumner led his new formation during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Tasked with frontally assaulting Lieutenant General James Longstreets fortified lines atop Maryes Heights, his men moved forward shortly before noon. Attacking through the afternoon, Union efforts were repulsed with heavy losses. Continued failures on the part of Burnside in the following weeks saw him replaced with Major General Joseph Hooker on January 26, 1863. The oldest general in the Army of the Potomac, Sumner asked to be relieved shortly after Hookers appointment due to exhaustion and frustration with infighting among the Union officers. Appointed to a command in the Department of the Missouri shortly thereafter, Sumner died of a heart attack on March 21 while in Syracuse, NY to visit his daughter. He was buried in the citys Oakwood Cemetery a short time later. Selected Sources Territorial Kansas: Edwin V. SumnerCivil War: Edwin V. Sumner Civil War Reference: Edwin Sumner

Native American Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Native American Indian - Essay Example The American policy towards the Native American Indians were continually evolving and changing. After the United States-British war, the United States treated the Native American Indians who allied with the British as a conquered people who had lost their land. However, the Americans find the policy very difficult to impose. In a short period, the United States abandoned the policy (Native Americans). In the decades following the American Revolution, the desire for more land by the rapidly increasing population of the United States resulted in numerous treaties in which lands were purchased from Native Americans (Indian Removal). Eventually, the U.S. government began encouraging Indian tribes to sell their land by offering them land in the West, outside the boundaries of the then-existing U.S. states, where the tribes could resettle (Indian Removal). This new policy was commonly known as the Indian Removal policy. The main goal of the Indian Removal policy was to relocate Native American Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river (Indian Removal). This process involve in the Indian Removal policy was accelerated with the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 (The U.S. ... Consequently, conflicts generally known as "Indian Wars" broke out between U.S. forces and many different Native American Indian tribes (Native Americans). The United States and the Native American Indians made plenty of treaties during this period, but later abandoned them for several reasons. Well-known military engagements include the typical Native American Indian victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, and the massacre of Native American Indians at Wounded Knee in 1890 (Native Americans). Contrary to some modern misconceptions, the Removal Act did not order the forced removal of any Native Americans, nor did President Jackson ever publicly advocate forced removal. The Indian Removal policy was supposed to be voluntary, and many Native American Indians did indeed remain in the East. In practice, however, the Jackson administration put great pressure on tribal leaders to sign removal treaties (Indian Removal). This pressure created bitter divisions within the Native American Indian nations, as different tribal leaders advocated different responses to the question of removal. Sometimes, U.S. government officials ignored tribal leaders who resisted signing removal treaties and dealt with those who favored removal (Indian Removal).However, the American policy toward Native American Indians has been an evolving process. In the late nineteenth century, reformers in efforts to "civilize" Indians adapted the practice of educating native children in Indian Boarding Schools run by Christians (qtd. from Native Americans). However, most Native American Indian children were traumatized by the methods of teaching. Children were forbidden from

Family Health Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Family Health Assessment - Essay Example Investing in health will lead to increase in health stock beneficial to individuals. Health deteriorates through involvement in activities such as smoking and drinking and feeding on refined food which lack roughages. This refers to the tradition and spiritual beliefs that guide in decision making. The finding unearths that religious affiliations, value-belief conflicts linked to health, special religious practices and whatever an individual perceives as significance are the pillars upon which value-health pattern is embedded. Many respondents attached seeking of medication to their spiritual beliefs as some said that they could not take drugs based on their belief. This is the metabolic pattern employed by an individual or family which unearths fluid and food consumption with respect to metabolic requirement and benchmarks local nutrients distribution and supply. This focuses on the status of teeth, hair, mucus membrane, skin and also weight and height (Gordon, 1994, p. 125). The researcher earmarked children decayed teeth based on over-feeding on sugary and refined food. Skin infection was also attached to lack of dietary amongst this family. There was a problem of weight loss based on malnutrition due to frequent refined food consumptions. This highlights the patterns of sleep, relaxation and rest. It is based on quantity and quality of energy and sleep, sleep routines as well as sleep aids employed by an individual. Many respondents basically males had lesser time to sleep and rest based on lack of work-life balance. The inadequacy and inequality of leisure hours and sleep was seen to affect males explaining massive weight loss. To females, quality and quantity sleep made them being healthier as they were not attached to more hours of work. This explains leisure, recreation and exercise patterns based on an individual hobbies and stretches to incorporate respiratory and

Management and Organization in Financial Services Essay

Management and Organization in Financial Services - Essay Example The same theories and principles of motivation obtain in the workplace. The same problems confront management about how to motivate officers and employees to become more productive, more perceptive, intelligent, and creative in order to drive company objectives of gaining a competitive edge and obtaining better-than-average results. This paper aims to discuss the concept and theories of motivation and seek to analyze how they apply in the workplaces of the US financial services industry. An understanding of what motivates workers effectively is important for those who would like to tap the human resource component of a financial services firm to contribute towards synergy in the achievement of organizational goals. Motivation is defined as the process of inducing a person or a group of people, each with distinct needs and personalities, to achieve the organizations objectives, while also working to achieve their own objectives (Stoner and Wankel 358). Despite the fact that every individual is unique, certain underlying principles and theories of motivation can be applied by managers to enable them to understand as well as predict peoples responses to task challenges. In a specific organization, the principal objective is stimulate employees to work and produce more effectively. In addition, it should also be an important goal to encourage current employees, particularly the efficient ones, to remain with the firm. Because the company may from to time increase or replenish its personnel, a corollary objective is to encourage potential employees to join the organization. There is a lot of productivity potential in most workplaces as it is estimated that about 75 per cent of workers acknowledge that they are performing below their potential (Stoner 360). The challenge to management is therefore how to tap that reservoir of energy and talent. The ability to contribute value through work may be

Impact Of The Economic Crisis On Greek Tourism

Impact Of The Economic Crisis On Greek Tourism Abstract: The current economic crisis has had a large effect on Greece. Two of the most important economic sectors, tourism and shipping, were seriously affected. This resulted in increased poverty and political instability. This paper focuses on describing the impact of economic crisis on Greek tourism. Therefore, the article presents the relationship between tourism and economic issues, while emphasizing the role of the European Union in fighting the Greek debt crisis. The practical part of the paper presents the results of an online survey regarding Greeces financial problems and tourism sector attractiveness. The survey includes Romanian respondents who have visited Greece at least once. Results of the study show that most Romanians will continue to travel to Greece despite countrys economic problems. Thus, the article offers relevant support in determining the impact of economic crisis on Greek tourism. Moreover, the article emphasizes tourism sector importance and encourages fu rther research. JEL classification: G01, H12, L83 Key words: economic crisis; tourism; Greek debt crisis; tourist arrivals; Romania 1. Introduction Tourism accounts for almost 20% of Greek gross domestic product and almost 17.5 million tourists visit Greece every year. However, the current recession hit Greece very strong. The violent protests and strikes in Athens, as well as the declining euro have determined many tourists to change their travel destination. Nowadays, Greece faces serious debts, increasing unemployment rates and a country image that is slowly deteriorating. In this paper, the author seeks to emphasize the impact of the economic crisis on Greek tourism. Thus, the article describes the evolution of major statistical indicators regarding Greek tourism during 2008-2010 and analyses Romanian preferences for Greek destinations in times of economic decline. Therefore, the author carried out a survey among Romanian population during January-February 2011, to provide relevant information about tourism in Greece. Results of the study show that Greek tourism remains in the top preferences of travel destinations for 2011. The reasons regard Romanians belief that Greece is a safe country despite the negative economical context and the cheap travel packages that Greeks offer in order to attract tourists. To conclude, the article presents an in-depth review on an important economic issue while providing significant support to institutions and associations oriented towards tourism in general. 2. Greek tourism during the economic crisis According to the Greek National Statistical Service, Greece is among the first 15 travel destinations in the world and the second most visited country in Europe. More than 9000 hotels and 400 campsites accommodate international and domestic visitors every year. The economic downturn started in 2008, caused significant losses in Greek tourism and hotel industry. The situation got worse in 2009, when the Institute for Tourist Research and Forecasts announced that Greece was down 20% from 2008. However, the significant drop in tourist arrivals was not entirely due to Greeces debt crisis. Countries worldwide were facing serious economic problems and, as the unemployment rates were rapidly increasing, more people decided to postpone their vacations (Conrady, 2010). In promoting travel packages, many public institutions tried to encourage tourism among consumers through marketing campaigns (Serban, 2011). Realizing the importance of maintaining the cash flows in tourism, the Greek government dropped prices and made the country less expensive for foreign visitors. Still, strikes by Greek workers and frequent protests have disrupted travel plans for many people, making them reconsider their travel to Greece. Greek government main priority is to keep the crisis primarily economic and encourage the development of tourism and shipping, two of the most important sectors of the economy. According to the report Greece Second Review Under the Stand-by Arrangement issued by the International Monetary Fund in December 2010, Greece is still fighting the debt crisis, though some economic sectors have shown signs of slow recovery. Figure 1 presents the evolution of tourism and shipping sector in Greece, during the economic crisis. The shipping sector experienced a downturn in 2009 but managed to recover very well by July 2010. Tourism, however, hardly registered positive values during the period 2008-2010. Source: Bank of Greece Figure no. 1 Evolution of tourism and shipping in Greece during January 2008 July 2010 Recent statistics on tourism provided by the European Travel Commission in the report European Tourism in 2010: Trends and Prospects, Quarterly Report (Q4/2010) show that Greece has registered low rates both in foreign visits and hotel occupancy (figure 2 and figure 3). Source: TourMIS, ETC,*Date varies by destination Figure no. 2 Foreign visits to selected destinations, 2010 As regards foreign visits, Greece has experienced low rates in the last quarter of 2010 almost 2%. Aside from the economic crisis, another reason could be countrys orientation towards summer tourism. The hotel occupancy rates registered negative values almost -5%, unlike most of the European countries. Source: STR Global Figure no. 3 Hotel occupancy rates in different countries, 2010 3. Study among romanians regarding the impact of the economic crisis on greek tourism 3.1 Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the extent to which the economic crisis in Greece has changed Romanians perceptions about traveling to this country. 3.2 Methodology The study was based on a survey conducted in January-February 2011. The survey included a self-administrated questionnaire and was considered valid only for respondents which have traveled to Greece at least once. The objective was to determine the probability of returning on vacation in this country given the rigid economical context. The study included a total sample of 67 respondents, out of which 15 respondents were eliminated because of incomplete responses or not having passed the filter question. Therefore, a final sample of 52 respondents was considered in the final research. Respondents were selected by using the random sampling method. The questionnaire was applied in public places: universities, shopping malls, hypermarkets. The questionnaire included one filter question (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾How many times did you travel to Greece?), 5 questions related to the topic and 4 socio-demographic questions related to age, sex of respondent, level of education and occupation. The questions were structured and closed, with one-choice answer. 3.3 Analyses In analyzing the answers, the completed questionnaires were at first validated. The first question included a filter in order to separate the respondents who have traveled to Greece before from the ones who had never been to Greece (figure 4). Therefore, only 52 questionnaires were considered valid. The answers to the first question showed that most respondents traveled to Greece at least once in their life more than 48% of respondents agreed. The second option was less than 3 times in their life (36%), while only 15% of respondents admitted to have visited Greece more than 3 times in their life. Figure no. 4 Frequency of travel to Greece among Romanians The second question described the types of tourism one can choose from while traveling to Greece. Though Greece is not a big country, it holds great historical landmarks, various landforms and beautiful religious sites. Figure 5 shows that most Romanians prefer going to Greece during the summer -30% of respondents agreed. However, a considerable number of respondents prefer Greece for its culture (17%), while others for its religious sites (19%). Figure no. 5 Romanian preferences regarding Greek tourism Figure 6 shows the reasons for which most respondents choose to travel to Greece. The most important factor is beautiful sightseeing 25% of respondents answered this way. Other important factors were: cultural attractions, better accommodation and similar prices to Romania. Figure no. 6 Description of reasons for traveling to Greece In addressing the economic crisis issue, the questionnaire included 3 questions. The first question described the impact of the Greek debt crisis on countrys tourism. As figure 7 shows, most Romanians consider that the economic crisis had a great influence on Greeces tourism more than 73% of respondents agreed. 2 respondents considered the impact to be low, while 13 respondents said the impact was medium. Figure no. 7 Impact of the economic crisis on Greek tourism The answers to the following questions were grouped and presented in figure 8. As a result, Romanians consider going to Greece in spite of the economic crisis (77%). Most respondents agree that the tourism sector was not seriously affected by the economic context and recent travel packages offers have made the country more attractive. Figure no. 8 Description of reasons for traveling to Greece during the economic crisis Moreover, Greece holds second position among the top foreign travel destinations for Romanians. Along with Bulgaria and Turkey, Greece is considered to be a perfect country to spend summer vacations. The reasons for which Romanians choose Greece in times of economic crisis are: cheaper accommodation (34%), special offers: bonus trips, extra-meals or airport taxes included (25%), promotional flight prices and lower docking fees for cruise ships. 5. Conclusions In this paper, the author presented some important aspects of the economic crisis in Greece. Thus, the article described the relationship between the tourism sector and the economical context in Greece as well as their relevance to the consumer. The practical part of the paper presented the results of a survey among Romanian consumers regarding Greeces economic decline and its impact on tourism. Results showed that Greeces approach for 2010 continue to reduce prices and increase the quality of services was successful among Romanians. Moreover, travel agencies in both countries indicated that the number of Romanians who cancelled their holiday to Greece because of the protests in Athens was considerable small compared to those who chose to travel to Greece in the same period. Better travel packages and a strong belief in the national safety of the country convinced many Romanians to travel to Greece in spite of the demonstrations. Another advantage of Greece in these difficult times is citizens long experience in tourism. Greece stands for tradition and culture and its values are well preserved by the population. In attracting tourists, Greeks show respect to their guests and, above all, hospitality. All these things, make the Greeces debt crisis less dramatic for the Romanian consumers. By analyzing the case of Greece, the article presents some important view-points regarding the economic crisis in Europe. The information provided reflects the amplitude of the economic crisis worldwide and its rapid spread in most areas of activity. The focus on Greek tourism and its relationship with Romania can offer specialized associations a starting point in further analyzing Romanian tourism and the current tourism strategies.

Analysis of Financial Statement Essay -- essays research papers

To determine Panorama’s financial positions, we need to use ratio analysis. There are four main categories we can use. They are liquidity, activity, profitability, and debt or financial leverage. The first category Panorama needs to look at is liquidity. This is measured in three different ways. Working capital, current ratio and the acid-test ratio. Working capital can be described as a company’s current assets minus its current liabilities. Panorama’s working capital would be $833.89. The second is the current ratio in which we would find by taking a company’s assets divided by its current liabilities. In this case Panorama had current assets of $1808.89 and current liabilities of $975.00. A company’s current ratio is very important in determining its bill paying capacities. The third category, the acid-test ratio, is a good method to determine if a company will be able to meet their short-term financial obligations. Acid-test ratio is found by taking the company’s current assets minus inventories and dividing that by their current liabilities. Panorama had an acid-test ratio of 1.3, which indicates that it is a company with adequate liqui dity. One thing to keep in mind when measuring liquidity would be to know what method of cost flow assumption was used, FIFO or LIFO. This would have an affect on the working capital and the current ratio so we will need to know this when comparing to other companies. Activity measures are the other measures used in ration analysis. Tur...